With time, dynamic wrinkles—commonly referred to as frown lines, forehead creases, or crow’s feet—can develop as a result of repeated muscle activity. Additional contributing factors include intrinsic aging, ultraviolet exposure, dehydration, smoking, gravity, and nutritional deficiencies.
While these lines are a normal part of the aging process, some patients may seek treatment to achieve a smoother and more rejuvenated facial appearance. Botulinum toxin injections offer a non-surgical, minimally invasive option for reducing the appearance of dynamic wrinkles.
This treatment works by temporarily relaxing overactive facial muscles, thereby softening lines and preventing further deepening of wrinkles. Botulinum toxin is most effective for expression-related lines, particularly in the glabellar region (frown lines), forehead, and lateral canthal area (crow’s feet).
Botulinum toxin, commonly known as Botox®, is a purified protein derived from the bacterium Clostridium botulinum. It works by temporarily blocking the transmission of chemical signals from nerves to the muscles, preventing the muscle from contracting. As a result, the targeted muscle remains in a relaxed state until nerve activity is naturally restored. This recovery process typically occurs within 8 to 12 weeks.
Licensed formulations of botulinum toxin type A include Botox®, Azzalure®, and Bocouture®. As prescription-only medicines (POM), they can only be prescribed by qualified healthcare professionals such as doctors, dentists, prescribing nurses, or pharmacists with appropriate prescribing authority, following a face-to-face consultation and clinical assessment
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